Isidingo seempompo zobushushu eYurophu

Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, iimpompo zokushisa zisetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, apho zibonwa njengentsika ephambili yokuguqulwa kweenkqubo zokufudumeza. IKhomishini yaseYurophu, kwinkqubo yayo ethi "REpowerEU" ebhengezwe ngoMeyi ophelileyo, ibiza ngokucacileyo ukuba kuphindwe kabini izinga langoku lokuthunyelwa kwempompo yokushisa kwi-cumulative total of 10 million installers kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.

Kwakhona ithemba malunga neepompo zokushisa nguMusk. Ngomhla woMtyalo-mali kaTesla ngo-Matshi, uMusk watyhila i-Ambition III elindelwe kakhulu, ebonisa indlela ezinzileyo ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi. Ukongeza kwii-photovoltaics eziqhelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwamandla, izithuthi zombane kunye ne-hydrogen, i-Musk igxininise kwiimpompo zokushisa, iteknoloji engaziwa kakuhle kuluntu jikelele. Kumanyathelo amahlanu akhankanywe nguMusk, inyathelo lesithathu, "i-22%", lithetha ukuba Vumela amakhaya, amashishini, ukufudumeza kwezoshishino (ukupholisa), ukusuka kwi-air conditioning heat, njl. ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili ngama-22%.

Iimpompo zokufudumala zinokuhambisa amandla ukusuka ngaphandle kwendlu ukuya ngaphakathi kwindlu, okuya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza izakhiwo ngokuphindwe kathathu. Wathi uMusk. Ngokombono kaMusk, iimpompo zokushisa ziya kuba namandla okunciphisa i-carbon ngaphezu kweemoto zombane kwaye ziya kudlala indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwexesha elizayo loqoqosho lwamandla oluzinzileyo lweplanethi. Uthe nangona iTesla ingenayo iimveliso ezinxulumene nempompo yobushushu okwangoku, inokuvelisa iimpompo zobushushu zasekhaya ezithengiswa kwimarike kwixesha elizayo.

Ukususela kwingxabano yaseRashiya ne-Ukrainian, amazwe aphambili aseYurophu ajongene nemeko enzima kakhulu yegesi yaseRashiya "yokunqunyulwa". Ngelo xesha, amazwe aseYurophu nawo akhawuleza ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla, enethemba lokulahla ukuxhomekeka kwamandla eRashiya. Kulo mongo, ukukhawuleza ukukhuthazwa kweempompo zokushisa ukubuyisela ukufudumala kwegesi yendalo akukona nje ukunciphisa imfuno yokufudumala ebusika, kodwa nokukhawulezisa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla saseYurophu kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide elibalulekileyo.

Kutheni iimpompo zobushushu?

Impompo yobushushu sisixhobo esihambisa amandla obushushu ukusuka kwindawo ephantsi yobushushu ukuya kwindawo ephezulu yobushushu, kwaye bubuchwephesha obutsha bamandla obutsale ingqalelo enkulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Yahlukile kwisixhobo esiqhelekileyo somatshini esinokunyusa amandla anokubakho - "impompo"; iimpompo zobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ukusuka emoyeni wendalo, amanzi okanye umhlaba ukufumana amandla obushushu ekumgangatho ophantsi, emva amandla ukwenza umsebenzi, kwaye ke ukubonelela abantu nge-high-grade amandla ubushushu zingasetyenziswa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokufudumeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphambili kwiimpompo zobushushu bomthombo womoya yi-27% kuphela yeebhoyila zombane, i-49% yeebhoyili ezitshiswa ngamalahle kunye ne-59% yeebhoyila zegesi.

Iimpompo zokufudumala zithathwa njengenye indlela ehambelana nemozulu kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza zendabuko (ezifana negesi okanye i-oyile yokufudumeza), kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal ye-300% -400% okanye ngaphezulu, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-1 kWh yombane kunokuhamba amaxesha angama-3-4 ngaphezulu. amandla obushushu. Iimpompo zokufudumala zithembele kumbane ukuba ziqhube, kwaye ukuba umbane uveliswa kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, inkqubo yokufudumala ingathathi hlangothi ngokufanelekileyo kwimozulu.

Iimpompo zobushushu zifana neefriji eziguquliweyo. Bafunxa ubushushu obuvela kwimo engqongileyo ukufudumeza indlu kunye namanzi, kwaye basebenzise kuphela ikota yamandla kwibhoyila yegesi. Iimpompo zokufudumala zisebenzisa umbane ococekileyo kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, ngoko urhulumente waseJamani ufuna ukubenza inombolo yokuqala yenkqubo yokufudumeza kwaye uceba ukufaka iimpompo zokushisa ezitsha ezingama-500,000 ngonyaka ukususela ngo-2024 ukuya phambili, ukufikelela kwisabelo semarike yezigidi ezithandathu ngo-2030.

Iibhoyila ezisebenza kumafutha efosili zisesona sizathu siphambili sokuthembela okuphezulu kwe-EU kwirhasi yendalo kwaye kutheni izakhiwo zingahambi ngendlela ehambelana ne-decarbonization. Ngokutsho kwedatha epapashwe yi-European Heat Pump Association, imarike yempompo yobushushu yaseYurophu yaphula irekhodi elitsha ngo-2022, ithengisa malunga ne-3 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukukhula phantse kwe-38%. Uphononongo lucebisa ukuba ukuba i-EU ekujoliswe kuyo yokufaka enye i-60 yezigidi zeempompo zokufudumala nge-2030 ifezekisiwe, imfuno yegesi yendalo kwizakhiwo iya kuhla nge-40% phakathi kwe-2022 kunye ne-2030.