Isidingo samaphampu okushisa eYurophu
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, amaphampu okushisa asetshenziswe ngenkuthalo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho abonakala khona njengensika eyinhloko ekuguqulweni kwezinhlelo zokushisa. I-European Commission, ohlelweni lwayo lwe-“REpowerEU” olwamenyezelwa ngoMeyi odlule, ibiza ngokusobala ukuthi izinga lamanje lokuthunyelwa kwephampu yokushisa liphindwe kabili libe inani elihlanganisiwe lezigidi eziyi-10 zokufakwa eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Okunye okunethemba ngamaphampu okushisa iMusk. NgoSuku Lwabatshalizimali lukaTesla ngoMashi, uMusk wembula i-Ambition III elindelwe ngabomvu, ebonisa indlela esimeme ngokuphelele eya emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwama-photovoltaics ajwayelekile, ukugcinwa kwamandla, izimoto zikagesi kanye ne-hydrogen, i-Musk igxile kumaphampu okushisa, ubuchwepheshe obungaziwa emphakathini jikelele. Ezinyathelweni ezinhlanu ezishiwo nguMusk, isinyathelo sesithathu, “22%”, sisho Vumela amakhaya, amabhizinisi, ukufudumeza kwezimboni (ukupholisa), kusuka ekushiseni komoya, njll. kushintshelwe kumaphampu okushisa, angasindisa ngempumelelo amandla futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngo-22%.
“Amaphampu okushisa angadlulisa amandla asuka ngaphandle kwendlu aye ngaphakathi endlini, okuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza izakhiwo ngesilinganiso sokuthathu.” Kusho uMusk. Ngokombono kaMusk, amaphampu okushisa azoba namandla amaningi okunciphisa i-carbon kunezimoto zikagesi futhi azodlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo komnotho wamandla osimeme weplanethi. Uthe nakuba i-Tesla ingenayo imikhiqizo ehlobene nepompo yokushisa okwamanje, ingase ikhiqize amaphampu okushisa asekhaya azodayiswa emakethe esikhathini esizayo.
Kusukela ingxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine, amazwe amakhulu eYurophu abhekene nesimo esibi kakhulu "sokunqanyulwa" kwegesi yaseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazwe aseYurophu nawo asheshisa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla, enethemba lokuqeda ukuncika kwamandla eRussia. Kulo mongo, ukusheshisa ukukhuthazwa kwamaphampu okushisa esikhundleni sokushisa kwegesi yemvelo akukona nje ukunciphisa isidingo sokushisa kwasebusika, kodwa futhi ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla saseYurophu esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside ingxenye ebalulekile.
Kungani amaphampu okushisa?
Iphampu yokushisa iyisisetshenziswa esidlulisa amandla ashisayo ukusuka emthonjeni wokushisa wezinga eliphansi ukuya emthonjeni wokushisa wezinga eliphezulu, futhi kuwubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla obudonse ukunaka okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ihlukile kumshini ojwayelekile ongakhuphula amandla angaba khona - "ipompo"; amaphampu okushisa ngokuvamile aqala kusukela emoyeni wemvelo, amanzi noma inhlabathi ukuze athole amandla okushisa asezingeni eliphansi, ngemva kwamandla okwenza umsebenzi, bese enikeza abantu amandla okushisa ezinga eliphezulu angasetshenziswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokushisisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyinhloko kwamaphampu okushisa omthombo womoya kungamaphesenti angu-27 kuphela amaboiler kagesi, amaphesenti angu-49 alawo ama-boiler asebenza ngamalahle kanye nama-59% walawo ama-boilers asebenza ngegesi.
Amaphampu okushisa athathwa njengenye indlela evumelana nesimo sezulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokushisisa zendabuko (ezifana negesi noma ukushisisa okubaswa ngowoyela), ezisebenza ngokushisa kahle ka-300% -400% noma ngaphezulu, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-1 kWh kagesi kunganyakaza izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngaphezulu. ukushisa amandla. Amaphampu okushisa athembele kugesi ukuthi asebenze, futhi uma ugesi ukhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo, isistimu yokufudumeza ingathathi hlangothi ngokuphumelelayo kwesimo sezulu.
Amaphampu okushisa afana neziqandisi ezihlanekezelwe. Bamunca ukushisa emvelweni ukuze bashise indlu namanzi, futhi basebenzise ingxenye yesine kuphela yamandla kubhayela wegesi. Amaphampu okushisa asebenzisa ugesi ohlanzekile futhi asebenza kahle kakhudlwana, ngakho uhulumeni waseJalimane ufuna ukuwenza abe yisistimu yokufudumeza ehamba phambili futhi uhlela ukufaka amaphampu okushisa amasha angu-500 000 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2024 kuya phambili, afinyelele isabelo semakethe esiyizigidi eziyisithupha ngo-2030.
Izibaseli ezisebenza kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthembela okuphezulu kwe-EU kugesi yemvelo nokuthi kungani izakhiwo zingahambi ngendlela mayelana nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokwemininingwane eshicilelwe yi-European Heat Pump Association, imakethe yephampu yokushisa yaseYurophu yephule irekhodi elisha ngo-2022, ithengisa cishe amayunithi ayizigidi ezi-3, ukukhula cishe ngama-38%. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi uma umgomo we-EU wokufaka amanye amaphampu okushisa ayizigidi ezingu-60 ngo-2030 ufinyelelwa, isidingo segesi yemvelo ezakhiweni sizokwehla ngo-40% phakathi kuka-2022 no-2030.
