Gukenera pompe yubushyuhe muburayi

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, pompe z'ubushyuhe zoherejwe cyane mu Burayi, aho bigaragara nk'inkingi y'ingenzi mu guhindura uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu. Komisiyo y’Uburayi, muri gahunda yayo ya “REpowerEU” yatangajwe muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize, irasaba mu buryo bweruye gukuba kabiri igipimo kiriho cyo kohereza pompe y’ubushyuhe kugeza kuri miliyoni 10 zose zashyizweho mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Ikindi cyizere kubyerekeye pompe yubushyuhe ni Musk. Ku munsi w’abashoramari ba Tesla muri Werurwe, Musk yashyize ahagaragara Ambition III yari itegerejwe na benshi, yerekana inzira irambye igana ku isi. Usibye amafoto yamenyerewe cyane, kubika ingufu, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na hydrogène, Musk yibanze kuri pompe yubushyuhe, ikoranabuhanga ritazwi na rubanda rusanzwe. Mu ntambwe eshanu zavuzwe na Musk, intambwe ya gatatu, “22%”, bisobanura Kureka amazu, ubucuruzi, gushyushya inganda (gukonjesha), kuva gushyushya ubukonje, nibindi byimurirwa mumashanyarazi, bishobora kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya Uwiteka gukoresha ibicanwa biva mu kirere 22%.

“Amapompo ashyushye ashobora kohereza ingufu hanze y’inzu akajya imbere mu nzu, ibyo bikaba bizagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya inyubako inshuro eshatu.” Musk ati. Nkuko Musk abibona, pompe z'ubushyuhe zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya karubone kurusha imodoka z’amashanyarazi kandi bizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’ubukungu bw’ingufu zirambye ku isi. Yavuze ko nubwo Tesla idafite ibicuruzwa bijyanye na pompe y’ubushyuhe kugeza ubu, ishobora kubyara pompe zo mu gihugu zigurishwa ku isoko mu gihe kiri imbere.

Kuva amakimbirane y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, ibihugu by’ibanze by’Uburayi bihura n’ibibazo bya gaze by’Uburusiya “byaciwe”. Muri icyo gihe, ibihugu by’Uburayi na byo byihutisha guhindura imiterere y’ingufu, bizeye ko bizakuraho ingufu zishingiye ku Burusiya. Ni muri urwo rwego, kwihutisha iterambere rya pompe y’ubushyuhe kugirango isimbuze ubushyuhe bwa gaze ntabwo ari ukugabanya gusa ubushyuhe bukenewe, ahubwo ni no kwihutisha ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingufu z’Uburayi mu gihe giciriritse kandi kirekire.

Kuki pompe zishyuha?

Ubushuhe bwa pompe nigikoresho cyohereza ingufu zumuriro ziva mubushyuhe buke kurwego rwo hejuru rwubushyuhe, kandi nubuhanga bushya bwingufu zashimishije abantu benshi kwisi. Iratandukanye nibikoresho bisanzwe bizwi bishobora kongera ingufu - "pompe"; pompe yubushyuhe mubisanzwe ibanza kuva mwuka karemano, amazi cyangwa ubutaka kugirango ibone ingufu zubushyuhe bwo hasi, nyuma yimbaraga zo gukora akazi, hanyuma igaha abantu ingufu zubushyuhe bwo murwego rwo hejuru zirashobora gukoreshwa. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gushyushya, ingufu zambere zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi aturuka mu kirere ni 27% gusa y’amashanyarazi, 49% y’amavuta y’amakara na 59% y’amashyanyarazi akoreshwa na gaze.

Amapompo ashyushye afatwa nkuburyo bwangiza ikirere muburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya ibintu (nka gaze cyangwa gushyushya peteroli), hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 300% -400% cyangwa birenga, ni ukuvuga, gukoresha kilowati 1 yumuriro bishobora kugenda inshuro 3-4 ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Amapompo yubushyuhe yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi kugirango akore, kandi niba amashanyarazi akomoka kumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa, sisitemu yo gushyushya iba idafite aho ibogamiye.

Amapompo ashyushye ni nka firigo ihindagurika. Bakuramo ubushyuhe buturuka kubidukikije kugirango bashyushya inzu n'amazi, kandi bakoresha kimwe cya kane cyingufu za gaz gaz. Amapompo ashyushya akoresha amashanyarazi asukuye kandi arakora neza, bityo leta y’Ubudage irashaka kubagira gahunda ya mbere yo gushyushya kandi irateganya gushyira pompe nshya 500.000 ku mwaka guhera mu 2024, ikagera ku isoko rya miliyoni esheshatu mu 2030.

Amashanyarazi akoreshwa ku bicanwa biva mu kirere ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ushingira cyane kuri gaze gasanzwe ndetse n’impamvu inyubako zitagenda neza mu bijyanye na decarbonisation. Dukurikije amakuru yatangajwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi Bishyushya Ubushyuhe, isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’uburayi by’Uburayi byanditse amateka mashya mu 2022, bigurisha hafi miliyoni 3, byiyongera hafi 38%. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko niba intego y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yo gushyiraho andi mashanyarazi miliyoni 60 mu 2030 yujujwe, icyifuzo cya gaze gasanzwe mu nyubako kizagabanuka 40% hagati ya 2022 na 2030.