Kufunika kwa mapampu otentha ku Europe

Kwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, mapampu a kutentha akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku Ulaya konse, kumene amawoneka ngati mzati wofunikira pakusintha makina otenthetsera. European Commission, mu pulogalamu yake ya "REpowerEU" yomwe idalengezedwa mwezi watha wa Meyi, ikufuna kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa kuponyera kwapampu ya kutentha kuwirikiza kawiri kukhazikitsidwa kwa 10 miliyoni pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

Komanso chiyembekezo chokhudza mapampu otentha ndi Musk. Pa Tsiku la Investor la Tesla mu Marichi, Musk adavumbulutsa Ambition III yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kwambiri, yomwe ikuwonetsa njira yokhazikika yopita kudziko lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa photovoltaics zodziwika bwino, kusungirako mphamvu, magalimoto amagetsi ndi haidrojeni, Musk amayang'ana pa mapampu otentha, teknoloji yomwe siidziwika bwino kwa anthu onse. Mu masitepe asanu omwe atchulidwa ndi Musk, gawo lachitatu, "22%", limatanthauza Kuti nyumba, malonda, kutentha kwa mafakitale (kuzizira), kuchokera ku kutentha kwa mpweya, ndi zina zotero zimasinthidwa ku mapampu otentha, omwe amatha kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyambira ndi 22%.

"Mapampu otentha amatha kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera kunja kwa nyumba kupita mkati mwa nyumba, zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotenthetsera nyumba ndi katatu." Musk anatero. M'mawonedwe a Musk, mapampu otentha adzakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zochepetsera mpweya kuposa magalimoto amagetsi ndipo adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa chitukuko chamtsogolo cha chuma chokhazikika cha dziko lapansi. Ananenanso kuti ngakhale Tesla alibe zinthu zokhudzana ndi kupopera kutentha pakadali pano, zitha kupanga mapampu otentha apanyumba kuti azigulitsa pamsika mtsogolomo.

Kuyambira mkangano wa Russia ndi Chiyukireniya, mayiko akuluakulu ku Ulaya akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu la "kudula" gasi ku Russia. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mayiko a ku Ulaya akufulumizitsanso kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu, kuyembekezera kuchotsa kudalira mphamvu ku Russia. M'nkhaniyi, imathandizira Kukwezeleza mapampu kutentha m'malo mpweya Kutentha kwachilengedwenso si kuchepetsa kufunika kwa Kutentha yozizira, komanso imathandizira kusintha kwa dongosolo mphamvu ya Europe mu sing'anga ndi yaitali mbali yofunika.

Chifukwa chiyani mapampu otentha?

Pampu yotentha ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasamutsa mphamvu zotentha kuchokera kumalo otsika kutentha kupita kumalo otentha kwambiri, komanso ndi teknoloji yatsopano yamagetsi yomwe yakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndizosiyana ndi makina odziwika bwino omwe amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu - "pampu"; mapampu otentha nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe, madzi kapena nthaka kuti apeze mphamvu zotentha zotsika, pambuyo pa mphamvu yochitira ntchitoyo, ndiyeno kupatsa anthu mphamvu zotentha zamtundu wapamwamba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zotenthetsera, mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mapampu otentha a mpweya ndi 27% yokha ya ma boilers amagetsi, 49% ya ma boilers a malasha ndi 59% ya ma boilers a gasi.

Mapampu otenthetsera amatengedwa ngati njira yothandiza nyengo yofananira ndi zida zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe (monga gasi kapena zowotcha mafuta), zokhala ndi mphamvu zotentha za 300% -400% kapena kupitilira apo, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito 1 kWh yamagetsi kumatha kusuntha nthawi 3-4. kutentha mphamvu. Mapampu otentha amadalira magetsi kuti ayendetse, ndipo ngati magetsi apangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, makina otenthetsera amakhala osalowerera ndale.

Mapampu otentha ali ngati mafiriji otembenuzidwa. Amatenga kutentha kuchokera ku chilengedwe kuti atenthetse nyumba ndi madzi, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mphamvu ya boiler ya gasi. Mapampu otentha amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyera ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino, motero boma la Germany likufuna kuwapanga kukhala njira yoyamba yotenthetsera ndipo akukonzekera kukhazikitsa mapampu atsopano 500,000 pachaka kuyambira 2024 kupita mtsogolo, kufikira gawo la msika la miliyoni sikisi pofika 2030.

Maboiler omwe amayendera pamafuta oyambira kale ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha EU kudalira kwambiri gasi wachilengedwe komanso chifukwa chake nyumba sizikuyenda bwino pankhani ya decarbonization. Malinga ndi zomwe zafalitsidwa ndi European Heat Pump Association, msika waku Europe wopopera kutentha unaphwanya mbiri yatsopano mu 2022, kugulitsa pafupifupi mayunitsi 3 miliyoni, kukula pafupifupi 38%. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti ngati cholinga cha EU chokhazikitsanso mapampu otentha okwana 60 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030 chikakwaniritsidwa, kufunikira kwa gasi wachilengedwe mnyumba kudzatsika ndi 40% pakati pa 2022 ndi 2030.